Jump to content

Jewish population by country

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Jewish world" redirects here. For other uses, see Jewish world (disambiguation).

Part of a series on
Jews and Judaism
Religion
Texts
Tanakh
Talmud
Rabbinic
History
General
Ancient Israel
Second Temple period
Rabbinic period and Middle Ages
Modern era
Communities
Related groups
Population
Land of Israel
Africa
Asia
Europe
Northern America
Latin America and Caribbean
Oceania
Denominations
Culture
Customs
Music
Art
Cuisine
Literature
Languages
Politics
Jewish political movements
Zionism
Jews and those of sufficient Jewish descent to be eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return by country in proportion to the general population (per million people in each country, 2018)

The percentage of the eligible Jewish population that is living in each country (top 13, 2018)

   United States (51%)
   Israel (30%)
   France (3%)
   Canada (3%)
   Russia (3%)
   United Kingdom (2%)
   Argentina (1%)
   Germany (1%)
   Australia (1%)
   Brazil (1%)
   Mexico (1%)
   Ukraine (1%)
   Hungary (1%)
  Other (1%)

As of 2023, the world's core Jewish population (those identifying as Jews above all else) was estimated at 15.7 million, which is approximately 0.2% of the 8 billion worldwide population. Israel hosts the largest core Jewry in the world with 7.2 million, followed by the United States with 5.7 million. Other countries with core Jewries above 100,000 include France (440,000), Canada (398,000), the United Kingdom (312,000), Argentina (171,000), Russia (132,000), Germany (125,000), and Australia (117,200). The number of Jews worldwide rises to 18 million with the addition of the "connected" Jewish population, including those who say they are partly Jewish or that have Jewish backgrounds from at least one Jewish parent, and rises again to 21 million with the addition of the "enlarged" Jewish population, including those who say they have Jewish backgrounds but no Jewish parents and all non-Jewish household members who live with Jews. Counting all those who are eligible for Israeli citizenship under Israel's Law of Return, in addition to Israeli Jews, raised the total to 25.5 million.[1][2]

Two countries account for 81% of those recognized as Jews or of sufficient Jewish ancestry to be eligible for citizenship in Israel under its Law of Return: the United States with 51% and Israel with 30%. An additional 16% is split between France (3%), Canada (3%), Russia (3%), UK (2%), Argentina (1%), Germany (1%), Ukraine (1%), Brazil (1%), Australia (1%), and Hungary (1%), while the remaining 3% are spread around approximately 98 other countries and territories with less than 0.5% each. With over 7 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish-majority country and the only explicit Judaic-country.[3]

In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 16.6 million. Almost half the Jewry of the World lived in the Americas and Poland.[4] Due to the murder of approximately six million Jews during the Holocaust, this number was reduced to 11 million by 1945.[5][6][7] The population grew to around 13 million by the 1970s and then recorded almost no growth until around 2005, due to low fertility rates and assimilation of Jews.[6] From 2005 to 2018, the world's Jewry grew 0.63% annually on average, while world's population overall grew 1.1% annually in the same period.[8] This increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who remain a growing proportion of Jews.[9]

Israel

Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in Israeli Jewry and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). Aliyas to Palestine began in earnest following the 1839 Tanzimat reforms; between 1840 and 1880, Palestinian Jewry rose from 9,000 to 23,000.[10] In the late 19th century, 99.7% of the world's Jews lived outside the region, with Jews representing 2–5% of the Population of Palestine.[11][12] Through the first five phases of Aliyah, the Jewish population rose to 630,000 by the inception of Israel in 1948. By 2014 this had risen to 6,135,000,[13] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.[14] Current the Demographics of Israel are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.[15] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.[16] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people get out off Judaism versus strangers to Judaism.[14] Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries. Palestine has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jews from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s,[17] and immigration growth has been steady (in the low tens of thousands) since then.[18]

Rest of the world

In general, the modern English-speaking world has seen an increase in its share of the diaspora since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic diaspora Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.[19] France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, at around 500,000,[20][21] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. As a long-term trend, intermarriage has reduced its "core" Jewish population and increased its "connected" and "enlarged" Jewries. More recently, migration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017, following a wave of anti-Semitic attacks.[22][23] According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, over the next four decades the number of Jews around the world is expected to increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 16.4 million in 2060.[24]

Debate over American numbers

The number of Jews in the United States has been much debated because of questions about counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.[25] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.[26] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio Della Pergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.[27] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable”. However, he revised the United States Jewish number to 5.7 million in subsequent years.[28][27] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.[27] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting the number of Jewish Americans.

In 2020, the Pew Research Center's Jewish Americans 2020 study estimated there were 5.8 million adult Jews in the United States and 1.8 million children of at least one Jewish parent being raised as Jewish in some way, for a total of 7.5 million Jews, 2.5% of the national population.[29] According to Sergio Della Pergola's narrower definition, which count children and adult Jews without religious affiliation only if they have two Jewish parents, this corresponds to 4.8 million Jewish adults and 1.2 million Jewish children in 2020.[30] The American Jewry Project at Brandeis University, which synthesizes survey data from the 50 states and DC, estimates there are 7.63 million American Jews, 6 million adults and 1.6 million children.[31]

By country

Definition

United States 
6778
Israel 
750
France 
700
Canada 
600
Russia 
413
United Kingdom 
410
Argentina 
350
Germany 
275
Ukraine 
200
Brazil 
180
Australia 
155
Hungary 
131
Other 
805
LightSteelBlue
0

Total: 11747

2000
2000
2300
5700
Jewish population by country (1,000s, 2020)[32]

Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country. All data below, except the last column, are from the Berman Jewish DataBank at Stanford University in the World Jewish Population (2020) report coordinated by Sergio DellaPergola at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[32] The Jewish DataBank figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis:

  • Core Jewish population refers to those who consider themselves Jews to the exclusion of all else.
  • Connected Jewish population includes the core Jewish population and additionally those who say they are partly Jewish or that have Jewish background from at least one Jewish parent.
  • Enlarged Jewish population includes the Jewish connected population and those who say they have Jewish background but not a Jewish parent, and all non-Jews living in households with Jews.
  • Eligible Jewish population includes all those eligible for immigration to Israel under its Law of Return.
  • National official population is the Jewish population reported by a national source. Note that the "National" results may not be entirely accurate, as other sources may have conflicting accounts of Jewish populations in some countries.

Core, connected and enlarged population

Countries Core population Connected population Enlarged population
Total pct pmp Total pct pmp Total pct pmp
 Israel[a] 7,272,000 46 732,000 7,552,000 42 754,238 7,742,000 37 779,386
 United States 5,700,000 36 17,320 8,000,000 44 24,309 10,000,000 48 30,386
 France[b] 440,000 2.8 6,910 550,000 3.1 8,483 650,000 3.1 10,026
 Canada 393,000 2.5 10,500 450,000 2.5 12,023 550,000 2.6 14,695
 United Kingdom[c] 292,000 1.9 4,370 330,000 1.8 4,939 370,000 1.8 5,537
 Argentina 175,000 1.1 3,990 260,000 1.4 5,779 310,000 1.5 6,891
 Russia 155,000 0.99 1,060 320,000 1.8 2,188 460,000 2.2 3,146
 Australia 118,000 0.75 4,660 130,000 0.72 5,134 145,000 0.69 5,726
 Germany 118,000 0.75 1,420 150,000 0.83 1,805 225,000 1.1 2,708
 Brazil 92,000 0.59 440 120,000 0.67 574 150,000 0.71 717
 South Africa 52,300 0.33 890 65,000 0.36 1,106 75,000 0.36 1,276
 Hungary 47,200 0.30 4,830 75,000 0.42 7,675 100,000 0.48 10,233
 Ukraine 45,000 0.29 1,070 90,000 0.50 2,140 140,000 0.67 3,329
 Mexico 40,000 0.25 320 45,000 0.25 360 50,000 0.24 400
 Netherlands 29,800 0.19 1,250 43,000 0.24 1,563 53,000 0.25 2,188
 Belgium 29,000 0.18 2,530 35,000 0.19 3,053 40,000 0.19 3,490
 Italy 27,000 0.17 450 34,000 0.19 560 41,000 0.20 676
 Switzerland 18,500 0.12 2,160 22,000 0.12 2,569 25,000 0.12 2,919
 Uruguay 16,000 0.10 4,690 20,000 0.11 5,685 24,000 0.11 6,822
 Chile 16,000 0.10 840 20,000 0.11 1,050 24,000 0.11 1,260
 Sweden 15,000 0.096 1,460 20,000 0.11 1,947 25,000 0.12 2,433
 Turkey 14,500 0.092 180 19,000 0.11 234 21,000 0.100 259
 Spain 13,000 0.083 280 16,000 0.089 345 19,000 0.090 409
 Austria 10,300 0.066 1,160 14,000 0.078 1,577 17,000 0.081 1,915
 Panama 10,000 0.064 2,370 11,000 0.061 2,607 12,000 0.057 2,844
 Iran 9,500 0.061 110 10,500 0.058 122 12,000 0.057 139
 Romania 8,900 0.057 460 13,000 0.072 672 17,000 0.081 879
 Belarus 8,500 0.054 900 17,000 0.094 1,800 25,000 0.12 2,647
 New Zealand 7,500 0.048 1,510 8,500 0.047 1,711 9,500 0.045 1,913
 Azerbaijan 7,200 0.046 720 10,500 0.058 1,050 15,500 0.074 1,550
 Denmark 6,400 0.041 1,100 7,500 0.042 1,289 8,500 0.040 1,461
 Venezuela 6,000 0.038 210 10,000 0.055 350 12,000 0.057 420
 India 4,800 0.031 3 6,000 0.033 4 7,500 0.036 5
 Latvia 4,500 0.029 2,350 8,000 0.044 4,178 12,000 0.057 6,267
 Poland 4,500 0.029 120 7,000 0.039 187 10,000 0.048 267
 Greece 4,100 0.026 380 5,200 0.029 482 6,000 0.029 556
 Czech Republic 3,900 0.025 370 5,000 0.028 474 6,500 0.031 617
 Portugal 3,300 0.021 296 3,500 0.019 334 4,000 0.019 382
 China[d] 3,000 0.019 2 3,200 0.018 2 3,400 0.016 2
 Uzbekistan 2,900 0.018 90 6,000 0.033 186 8,000 0.038 248
 Ireland 2,700 0.017 550 3,600 0.020 733 5,000 0.024 1,019
 Slovakia 2,600 0.017 480 3,600 0.020 665 4,600 0.022 849
 Kazakhstan 2,500 0.016 140 4,800 0.027 269 6,500 0.031 364
 Costa Rica 2,500 0.016 490 2,800 0.016 549 3,100 0.015 608
 Lithuania 2,400 0.015 860 4,700 0.026 1,684 7,500 0.036 2,688
 Colombia 2,100 0.013 40 2,800 0.016 53 3,500 0.017 67
 Morocco 2,100 0.013 60 2,500 0.014 71 2,800 0.013 80
 Bulgaria 2,000 0.013 290 4,000 0.022 580 6,000 0.029 870
 Moldova 1,900 0.012 540 3,800 0.021 1,080 7,500 0.036 2,132
 Estonia 1,900 0.012 1,430 2,700 0.015 2,032 3,500 0.017 2,634
 Peru 1,900 0.012 60 2,400 0.013 76 3,000 0.014 95
 Croatia 1,700 0.011 420 2,400 0.013 593 3,100 0.015 766
 Georgia 1,500 0.0096 380 3,000 0.017 760 5,000 0.024 1,267
 Puerto Rico 1,500 0.0096 490 2,000 0.011 653 2,500 0.012 817
 Serbia 1,400 0.0089 200 2,100 0.012 300 2,800 0.013 400
 Finland 1,300 0.0083 240 1,600 0.0089 295 1,900 0.0090 351
 Norway 1,300 0.0083 240 1,600 0.0089 295 2,000 0.0095 369
 Paraguay 1,100 0.0070 150 1,300 0.0072 177 1,600 0.0076 218
 Tunisia 1,000 0.0064 90 1,200 0.0067 108 1,400 0.0067 126
 Japan 1,000 0.0064 10 1,200 0.0067 12 1,400 0.0067 14
 Guatemala 900 0.0057 50 1,200 0.0067 67 1,500 0.0071 83
 Singapore 900 0.0057 160 1,000 0.0055 178 1,200 0.0057 213
 Gibraltar 800 0.0051 22,860 900 0.0050 25,718 1,000 0.0048 28,575
 Luxembourg 700 0.0045 1,130 900 0.0050 1,453 1,100 0.0052 1,776
 Ecuador 600 0.0038 30 800 0.0044 40 1,000 0.0048 50
 Bolivia 500 0.0032 40 700 0.0039 56 900 0.0043 72
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 500 0.0032 140 800 0.0044 224 1,100 0.0052 308
 Cuba 500 0.0032 40 1,000 0.0055 80 1,500 0.0071 120
 U.S. Virgin Islands 500 0.0032 3,810 600 0.0033 5,715 700 0.0033 6,668
 Jamaica 500 0.0032 180 300 0.0017 108 400 0.0019 144
 Kyrgyzstan 400 0.0025 60 700 0.0039 105 1,000 0.0048 150
 Netherlands Antilles 400 0.0025 1,250 500 0.0028 1,563 700 0.0033 2,188
 Kenya 300 0.0019 10 500 0.0028 17 700 0.0033 23
 Cyprus 300 0.0019 240 400 0.0022 320 500 0.0024 400
 Nicaragua 250 0.0016 37 250 0.0014 37 250 0.0012 37
 Bahamas 200 0.0013 510 500 0.0028 1,275 700 0.0033 1,785
 Suriname 200 0.0013 330 400 0.0022 660 600 0.0029 990
 Thailand 200 0.0013 3 300 0.0017 4 400 0.0019 6
 Turkmenistan 200 0.0013 30 400 0.0022 60 600 0.0029 90
 Zimbabwe 200 0.0013 10 400 0.0022 20 600 0.0029 30
 Armenia 100 0.00064 30 300 0.0017 90 500 0.0024 150
 Bermuda 100 0.00064 1,540 200 0.0011 3,080 300 0.0014 4,620
 Botswana 100 0.00064 40 200 0.0011 80 300 0.0014 120
 DR Congo 100 0.00064 1 200 0.0011 2 300 0.0014 3
 Barbados 100 0.00064 350 200 0.0011 700 300 0.0014 1,050
 Dominican Republic 100 0.00064 10 200 0.0011 20 300 0.0014 30
 Egypt 100 0.00064 1 200 0.0011 2 300 0.0014 3
 El Salvador 100 0.00064 20 200 0.0011 40 300 0.0014 60
 Ethiopia 100 0.00064 1 500 0.0028 4 1,000 0.0048 8
 Indonesia 100 0.00064 0 200 0.0011 1 300 0.0014 1
 Malta 100 0.00064 200 200 0.0011 400 300 0.0014 600
 Namibia 100 0.00064 40 200 0.0011 80 300 0.0014 120
 Nigeria 100 0.00064 0 200 0.0011 1 300 0.0014 1
 North Macedonia 100 0.00064 50 200 0.0011 100 300 0.0014 150
 Madagascar 100 0.00064 3 200 0.0011 7 300 0.0014 10
 Philippines 100 0.00064 1 200 0.0011 2 300 0.0014 3
 Slovenia 100 0.00064 50 200 0.0011 100 300 0.0014 150
 South Korea 100 0.00064 2 200 0.0011 4 300 0.0014 6
 Tajikistan 100 0.00064 4 200 0.0011 9 300 0.0014 13
 Taiwan 100 0.00064 4 200 0.0011 9 300 0.0014 13
 World 15,700,000 100 1,920 18,030,900 100 2,341 21,005,700 100 2,727

Eligible population and national official

Countries Eligible population National official
Total pct pmp Total Year
 United States 12,000,000 50 36,463 6,300,000 2024[33]
 Israel[e] 7,742,000 33 779,386 7,200,000 2024[34]
 France[f] 750,000 3.2 11,568 — —
 Canada 700,000 2.9 18,702 398,000 2024[35]
 Russia 600,000 2.5 4,103 157,673 2010[36]
 United Kingdom[g] 410,000 1.7 6,136 312,000 2024[37][38][39]
 Argentina 360,000 1.5 8,002 — —
 Germany 275,000 1.2 3,309 83,430 2011[40]
 Ukraine 200,000 0.84 4,756 103,878 2001[41]
 Brazil 180,000 0.76 861 107,329 2011[42]
 Australia 160,000 0.67 6,319 99,956 2021[42]
 Hungary 130,000 0.55 13,303 10,965 2011[42]
 South Africa 85,000 0.36 1,446 49,469 2016[43]
 Mexico 65,000 0.27 520 67,476 2010[42]
 Netherlands 63,000 0.26 2,813 0.1% 2016[44]
 Italy 48,000 0.20 791 — —
 Belgium 45,000 0.19 3,926 — —
 Belarus 33,000 0.14 3,494 13,705 2019[45]
 Sweden 30,000 0.13 2,920 — —
 Switzerland 28,000 0.12 3,269 16,763 2011[42]
 Uruguay 28,000 0.12 7,959 — —
 Chile 28,000 0.12 1,470 14,976 2002[42]
 Turkey 23,000 0.097 284 — —
 Spain 22,000 0.092 474 — —
 Azerbaijan 20,500 0.086 2,050 9,084 2009[45]
 Austria 20,000 0.084 2,252 8,140 2001[42]
 Romania 20,000 0.084 1,034 3,519 2011[42]
 Latvia 16,000 0.067 8,356 8,210 2019[46]
 Venezuela 14,000 0.059 490 9,500 2010[47][48]
 Panama 13,000 0.055 3,081 — —
 Iran 13,000 0.055 151 9,826 2016[42]
 Poland 13,000 0.055 347 2,488 2011[49]
 New Zealand 10,500 0.044 2,114 5,274 2018[42]
 Lithuania 10,500 0.044 3,763 1,229 2011[42]
 Uzbekistan 10,000 0.042 310 94,689 1989[50]
 Moldova 10,000 0.042 2,842 1,601 2014[42]
 Denmark 9,500 0.040 1,633 — —
 Kazakhstan 9,500 0.040 532 5,281 2009[42]
 India 9,000 0.038 6 4,650 2011[51]
 Czech Republic 8,000 0.034 759 1,427 2021[52]
 Bulgaria 8,000 0.034 1,160 1,162 2011[53]
 Georgia 7,500 0.032 1,900 1,417 2014[42]
 Uganda — — — 7,189 2014[54]
 Greece 7,000 0.029 649 — —
 Ireland 6,500 0.027 1,324 1,921 2016[55]
 Slovakia 6,000 0.025 1,108 601 2019[56]
 Portugal 5,000 0.021 478 2,910 – 15,000 2021[57][58]
 Colombia 4,500 0.019 86 — —
 Estonia 4,500 0.019 3,387 1,921 2019[59]
 Croatia 3,800 0.016 939 536 2011[42]
 China[h] 3,600 0.015 3 — —
 Peru 3,500 0.015 111 — —
 Serbia 3,500 0.015 500 578 2011[42]
 Costa Rica 3,400 0.014 666 — —
 Morocco 3,100 0.013 89 — —
 Puerto Rico 3,000 0.013 980 — —
 Norway 2,500 0.011 462 761 2021[60]
 Ethiopia 2,500 0.011 20 — —
 Finland 2,200 0.0092 406 1,093 2017[61]
 Cuba 2,000 0.0084 160 — —
 Paraguay 1,900 0.0080 259 1,100 2002[42]
 Guatemala 1,800 0.0076 100 — —
 Tunisia 1,600 0.0067 144 — —
 Japan 1,600 0.0067 16 — —
 Kyrgyzstan 1,500 0.0063 225 455 2018[62]
 Singapore 1,400 0.0059 249 — —
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,400 0.0059 392 262 2013[63]
 Luxembourg 1,300 0.0055 2,099 — —
 Ecuador 1,200 0.0050 60 — —
 Gibraltar 1,100 0.0046 31,433 763 2012[42]
 Bolivia 1,100 0.0046 88 — —
 Bahamas 900 0.0038 2,295 191 2010[42]
 Kenya 900 0.0038 30 — —
 Netherlands Antilles 900 0.0038 2,813 — —
 U.S. Virgin Islands 800 0.0034 7,620 — —
 Suriname 800 0.0034 1,320 181 2012[64]
 Turkmenistan 800 0.0034 120 1,537 1995[65]
 Zimbabwe 800 0.0034 40 — —
 Armenia 700 0.0029 210 127 2011[66]
 Cyprus 600 0.0025 480 — —
 Jamaica 500 0.0021 180 506 2011[42]
 Thailand 500 0.0021 7 — —
 Bermuda 400 0.0017 6,160 135 2010[42]
 Botswana 400 0.0017 160 — —
 DR Congo 400 0.0017 4 — —
 Barbados 400 0.0017 1,400 103 2011[42]
 Dominican Republic 400 0.0017 40 — —
 Egypt 400 0.0017 4 — —
 El Salvador 400 0.0017 80 — —
 Indonesia 400 0.0017 1 — —
 Malta 400 0.0017 800 — —
 Namibia 400 0.0017 160 — —
 Nigeria 400 0.0017 2 — —
 North Macedonia 400 0.0017 200 66 2021[67]
 Madagascar 400 0.0017 13 — —
 Philippines 400 0.0017 4 — —
 Slovenia 400 0.0017 200 99 2001[42]
 South Korea 400 0.0017 8 — —
 Tajikistan 400 0.0017 18 — —
 Taiwan 400 0.0017 17 — —
 Aruba — — — 354 2018[42]
 Nicaragua 250 0.0011 37 181 2017[68]
 Iceland — — — 55 2020[69]
 Mauritius — — — 43 2018[42]
 Syria — — — 38 2020[45][70]
 Liechtenstein — — — 26 2020[71]
 Anguilla — — — 16 2018[42]
 Faroe Islands — — — 12 2020[72]
 Montenegro — — — 12 2018[42]
 British Virgin Islands — — — 11 2018[42]
 Falkland Islands — — — 1 2018[42]
 World 23,809,100 100 3,091 — —
pct = percent of total world Jewish population
pmp = per million people in country
  1. ^ Including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, not including the Judea & Samaria.
  2. ^ Figures includes France and Monaco. See: History of the Jews in France and History of the Jews in Monaco.
  3. ^ Including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.
  4. ^ Figures include mainland China and Hong Kong SAR. See: History of the Jews in China and History of the Jews in Hong Kong.
  5. ^ Including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, not including the Judea & Samaria.
  6. ^ Figures includes France and Monaco. See: History of the Jews in France and History of the Jews in Monaco.
  7. ^ Including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.
  8. ^ Figures include mainland China and Hong Kong SAR. See: History of the Jews in China and History of the Jews in Hong Kong.

Remnant and vanished populations

The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, including in the Islamic/Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in all Islamic/Muslim countries; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewry of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.[73] Despite a 2,000-year history of Jewish presence, there are no longer any known Jews living in Afghanistan, as its last Jewish residents Zebulon Simintov and Tova Moradi, fled the country in September[74] and October 2021,[75][76] respectively.

In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.[77] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.[78][79] In Yemen due to the ongoing civil war, Yemen's Jews have faced persecution by Houthis, who have demanded they convert to Islam or face mandatory expulsion from the country. The Israeli military has conducted operations evacuating the population and moving them to Israel.[80] On 28 March 2021, 13 Jews were forced by the Houthis to leave Yemen, leaving the last four elder Jews in Yemen.[81][82] According to one report there are six Jews left in Yemen: one woman, her brother, three others, and Levi Salem Marahbi (who had been imprisoned for helping smuggle a Torah scroll out of Yemen).[83]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Jewish Population Rises to 15.7 Million Worldwide | The Jewish Agency". www.jewishagency.org. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Global Jewish population hits 15,7 million ahead of new year, 46% of them in Israel". The Times of Israel.
  3. ^ "Israel's Population Crosses 9 Million Mark!". United With Israel. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  4. ^ "From World-Wide People to First World People" (PDF). Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  5. ^ "World Jewish Population - Latest Statistics". Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  6. ^ a b "The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population". 9 February 2015. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  7. ^ "Chart: The decline of Europe's Jewish population". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  8. ^ DellaPergola, Sergio (2019). "World Jewish Population, 2018". American Jewish Year Book 2018. Vol. 118. pp. 361–449. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03907-3_8. ISBN 978-3-030-03906-6. S2CID 146549764.
  9. ^ "Haredi Orthodox account for bulk of Jewish population growth in New York City - Nation". Jewish Journal. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  10. ^ Salmon, Yosef (1978). "Ideology and Reality in the Bilu "Aliyah"". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 2 (4). [President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]: 431. ISSN 0363-5570. JSTOR 41035804. Retrieved 3 February 2023. Jewish influx into Palestine. Between 1880 and 1907, the number of Jews in Palestine grew from 23,000 to 80,000. Most of the community resided in Jerusalem, which already had a Jewish majority at the beginning of the influx. [Footnote: Mordecai Elia, Ahavar Tziyon ve-Kolel Hod (Tel Aviv, 1971), appendix A. Between 1840 and 1880 the Jewish settlement in Palestine grew in numbers from 9,000 to 23,000.] The First Aliyah accounted for only a few thousand of the new-comers, and the number of the Biluim among them was no more than a few dozen. Jewish immigration to Palestine had begun to swell in the 1840s, following the liberalization of Ottoman domestic policy (the Tanzimat Reforms) and as a result of the protection extended to immigrants by the European consulates set up at the time in Jerusalem and Jaffa. The majority of immigrants came from Eastern and Central Europe - the Russian Empire, Romania, and Hungary - and were not inspired by modern Zionist ideology. Many were motivated by a blend of traditional ideology (e.g., belief in the sanctity of the land of Israel and in the redemption of the Jewish people through the return to Zion) and practical considerations (e.g., desire to escape the worsening conditions in their lands of origin and to improve their lot in Palestine). The proto-Zionist ideas which had already crystallized in Western Europe during the late 1850s and early 1860s were gaining currency in Eastern Europe.
  11. ^ The estimated 24,000 Jews in Palestine in 1882 represented just 0.3% of the world's Jewish population: see On, Raphael R. Bar. "ISRAEL'S NEXT CENSUS OF POPULATION AS A SOURCE OF DATA ON JEWS." Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות ה (1969): 31*-41*. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23524099.
  12. ^ Mendel, Yonatan (5 October 2014). The Creation of Israeli Arabic: Security and Politics in Arabic Studies in Israel. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-137-33737-5. Note 28: The exact percentage of Jews in Palestine prior to the rise of Zionism is unknown. However, it probably ranged from 2 to 5 per cent. According to Ottoman records, a total population of 462,465 resided in 1878 in what is today Israel/Palestine. Of this number, 403,795 (87 per cent) were Muslim, 43,659 (10 per cent) were Christian and 15,011 (3 per cent) were Jewish (quoted in Alan Dowty, Israel/Palestine, Cambridge: Polity, 2008, p. 13). See also Mark Tessler, A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1994), pp. 43 and 124.
  13. ^ Yaakov Levi (5 May 2014). "Israel Population Now 8.3 Million - 75% Are Jewish". Israel National News. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  14. ^ a b DellaPergola, Sergio (2016), "World Jewish Population, 2015", in Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira M. (eds.), American Jewish Year Book 2015, vol. 115, Springer International Publishing, pp. 273–364, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24505-8_7, ISBN 9783319245034
  15. ^ "Fertility Rates, by Age and Religion". Statistical Abstract of Israel. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 11 September 2012. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  16. ^ "Data: Arab Growth Slows, Still Higher than Jewish Rate". Israel National News. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  17. ^ Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation Archived 5 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine - Mark Tolts.
  18. ^ "Immigration to Israel by Year". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  19. ^ "Demography". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  20. ^ European Jewish Congress. "The Jewish Community of France". Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  21. ^ "La communauté juive de France compte 550.000 personnes, dont 25.000 à Toulouse". France info. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  22. ^ "France tops list for Jewish emigration to Israel". RFI. 6 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  23. ^ "Why 5,000 Jews emigrated from France to Israel last year". The Local Europe AB. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  24. ^ "The Changing Global Religious Landscape". 5 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  25. ^ Sheskin, Ira; Dashefsky, Arnold (2 November 2012). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira (eds.). "Jewish Population in the United States, 2012" (PDF). Current Jewish Population Reports. Storrs, Connecticut: North American Jewish Data Bank. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  26. ^ Tighe, Elizabeth; et al. (September 2013). "American Jewish Population Estimates: 2012" (PDF). Brandeis University: Steinhardt Social Research Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  27. ^ a b c "US Jewish Population is Anywhere Between 5.425 Million and 6.722 Million". Jewish Political News and Updates. 18 February 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  28. ^ DellaPergola, Sergio (2016). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira (eds.). "World Jewish Population, 2016". Current Jewish Population Reports. 116. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  29. ^ Cooperman, Alan; Alper, Becka A.; Schiller, Anna (11 May 2021). Jewish Americans in 2020 (PDF). Pew Research Center. pp. 50–51. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  30. ^ Cooperman, Alan; Alper, Becka A.; Schiller, Anna (11 May 2021). Jewish Americans in 2020 (PDF). Pew Research Center. p. 52. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  31. ^ Saxe, Leonard; Parmer, Daniel; Tighe, Elizabeth; de Kramer, Raquel Magidin; Kallista, Daniel; Nussbaum, Daniel; Seabrum, Xajavion; Mandell, Joshua (2021). American Jewish Population Estimates 2020: Summary & Highlights. American Jewish Population Project at Brandeis University.
  32. ^ a b DellaPergola, Sergio (2022). "World Jewish Population, 2020". American Jewish Year Book 2020. Vol. 120. pp. 273–370. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78706-6_7. ISBN 978-3-030-78705-9. S2CID 245642037. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  33. ^ "Section 1. Population". www.census.gov. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  34. ^ "Latest Population Statistics for Israel".
  35. ^ "Data tables, 2024 Census". Statistics of Canada. October 2024. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  36. ^ "Приложение 2. Национальный состав населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" [Appendix 2: National composition of the population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  37. ^ "DC2107EW - Religion by sex by age". Nomis - official labour market statistics. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  38. ^ "Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  39. ^ "'I've undertaken three Jewish heritage walks in Northern Ireland and 200 people from all sections of wider society took part. One of them told me it was a pleasure to do something in Belfast which related to neither Protestant or Catholic history...'". Belfast Telegraph. 3 December 2018. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  40. ^ "Personen nach Religion (ausführlich) für Deutschland". Archived from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  41. ^ "The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue". Statistics of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence". Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  43. ^ "The Jews of South Africa in 2019" (PDF). p. 102. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  44. ^ "De religieuze kaart van Nederland, 2010–2015" [Religious Map of the Netherlands, 2010–2015] (in Dutch). 22 December 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  45. ^ a b c "Population by national and/or ethnic group, sex and urban/rural residence". Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  46. ^ "Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc nacionālā sastāva un valstiskās piederības (Datums=01.07.2019)" (PDF) (in Latvian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  47. ^ "Cuadro 8. Autodefinición en materia religiosa (GIS XXI, 2011)" (PDF). p. 216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  48. ^ "Jewish community in Venezue... JPost - Jewish World - Jewish News". archive.is. 5 September 2012. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  49. ^ "Tabl. 4.2. Ludność według rodzaju i kolejności identyfikacji narodowo-etnicznych w 2011 roku" (PDF). Statistics of Poland. p. 91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  50. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  51. ^ "For India's Jewish Community, Wait for Minority Status Continues". 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  52. ^ "Religious composition: 2021 census" (in Czech). Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  53. ^ "Етнически малцинствени общности | NCCEDI" [Ethnic minority communities|NCCEDI]. nccedi.government.bg (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  54. ^ "Table A9: Population by Religion, Sex and Residence" (PDF). p. 73. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  55. ^ "EY036: Actual and Percentage Change in Population Usually Resident and Present 2011 to 2016 by Sex, Religion, CensusYear and Statistic". Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  56. ^ "Bilancia podľa národnosti a pohlavia - SR-oblasť-kraj-okres, m-v [om7002rr]" (in Slovak). Statistics of Slovakia. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  57. ^ INE. "Indicador". tabulador.ine.pt. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  58. ^ Cohen, Adi (24 May 2023). "Tchau Israel! Tens of thousands of Israelis call this country their new home". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  59. ^ "Ethnic composition: 2019 estimation". Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  60. ^ "Members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance. Per 1 January1". Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  61. ^ "016 -- Population by religious community, age and sex in 2000 to 2017". Statistics of Finland. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  62. ^ 5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения. [5.01.00.03 Total population by nationality]. Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian, Kyrgyz, and English). 2018. Archived from the original (XLS) on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  63. ^ "1. Stanovništvo prema etničkoj/nacionalnoj pripadnosti - detaljna klasifikacija". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  64. ^ "Definitieve Resultaten Achtste Algemene Volkstelling (Vol. I)" (PDF). p. 39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  65. ^ Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году.. asgabat.net (in Russian). Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  66. ^ "ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՓՈՔՐԱՄԱՍՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒ". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  67. ^ "Попис на населението, домаќинствата и становите во Република Северна Македонија, 2021 - прв сет на податоци" (PDF). p. 8. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  68. ^ "Tiny Nicaragua Jewish community doubles in size as 114 convert". The Times of Israel.
  69. ^ "Populations by religious and life stance organizations 1998-2023". Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  70. ^ Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III (PDF) (in Russian and Tajik). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  71. ^ "Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion und Herkunft, 1990 - 2000". Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  72. ^ "CS 10.1.2 Population by religious faith, educational attainment, occupation, country of birth, year of arrival in the country and place of usual residence". Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  73. ^ "Egypt's Jewish community buries deputy leader". Al Jazeera. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  74. ^ Donati, Jessica; Harooni, Mirwais (12 November 2013). "Last Jew in Afghanistan faces ruin as kebabs fail to sell". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  75. ^ Gab, Ben Zion (3 November 2021). "'Last Jew in Afghanistan' loses title to hidden Jewish family". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  76. ^ Zion, Ilan Ben; Press, Llazar Semini Associated (29 October 2021). "Woman now thought to be Afghanistan's last Jew flees country". Independent.ie. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  77. ^ "Syria". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  78. ^ CIA World Fact Book
  79. ^ Levenda 2007, pp. 188.
  80. ^ "Israel airlifts 19 of last remaining Yemeni Jews". The Guardian. 21 March 2016. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  81. ^ Bassist, Rina (29 March 2021). "Houthis deport some of Yemen's last remaining Jews". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  82. ^ Joffre, Tzvi (29 March 2021). "Almost all remaining Jews in Yemen deported - Saudi media". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  83. ^ Boxerman, Aaron (30 March 2021). "As 13 Yemeni Jews leave pro-Iran region for Cairo, community of 50,000 down to 6". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_population_by_country&oldid=1265514947"